Tardigrades - Tardigrada - Bärtierchen - Taxonomy - Taxonomie

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Introduction Taxonomy and systematics of tardigrades have changed during the times, mainly below the order level. This taxonomic overview goes down to genus level.	Einführung Die Taxonomie und Systematik der Tardigraden war und ist dem Wandel unterworfen, insbesondere auf der Ebene unterhalb der Ordnungen. Dieser taxonomische Katalog geht bis zur Gattungsebene.

Phylum / Stamm Tardigrada Ramazzotti, 1962

Class / Klasse Heterotardigrada Marcus 1927
- Order / Ordnung Arthrotardigrada Marcus 1927
  typical marine tardigrades
  - Family / Familie Halechiniscidae Thulin, 1928
    - Subfamily / Unterfamilie Halechiniscinae Thulin 1928
      - Halechiniscus Richters 1908
      - Chrysoarctus Renaud-Mornant, 1984
      - Paradoxipus Kristensen & Higgins, 1989
    - Subfamily Orzeliscinae Schulz, 1963
      - Orzeliscus du Bois-Reymond Marcus, 1952
      - Opydorscus Renaud-Mornant, 1989
    - Subfamily Archechiniscinae Binda, 1978
      - Archechiniscus Schulz, 1953
    - Subfamily Tanarctinae Renaud-Mornant, 1980
      - Actinarctus Schulz, 1935
      - Tanarctus Renaud-Debyser, 1959
      - Zioella Renaud-Mornant, 1987
    - Subfamily Florarctinae Renaud-Mornant, 1982
      - Florarctus Delamare Deboutteville & Renaud-Mornant, 1965
      - Ligiarctus Renaud-Mornant, 1982
      - Wingstrandarctus Kristensen, 1984
    - Subfamily Euclavarctinae Renaud-Mornant, 1983
      - Euclavarctus Renaud-Mornant, 1975
      - Clavarctus Renaud-Mornant, 1983
      - Exoclavarctus Renaud-Mornant 1983
      - Proclavarctus Renaud-Mornant 1983
      - Parmursa Renaud-Mornant 1984
      - Moebjergarctus Bussau, 1992
    - Subfamily Styraconyxinae Kristensen & Renaud-Mornant, 1983
      - Tetrakentron Cuénot, 1892
      - Bathyechiniscus Steiner, 1926
      - Styraconyx Thulin, 1942
      - Pleocola, Cantacuzène, 1951
      - Angursa Pollock, 1979
      - Raiarctus Renaud-Mornant, 1981
      - Tholoarctus Kristensen & Renaud-Mornant, 1983
      - Lepoarctus Kristensen & Renaud-Mornant, 1983
      - Rhomboarctus Renaud-Mornant, 1984
      - Paratanarctus D'Addabbo Gallo, de Zio Grimaldi, Morone De Lucia, & Troccoli, 1992
    - Subfamily Dipodarctinae Pollock, 1995
      - Dipodarctus Pollock, 1995 (synonym: Hemitanarctus, de Zio Grimaldi, D'Addabbo Gallo, Morone De Lucia, & Troccoli, 1996 )
  - Family Stygarctidae Schulz, 1951
    - Subfamily Stygarctinae Schulz, 1951
      - Stygarctus Schulz, 1951
      - Parastygarctus Renaud-Debyser, 1965
      - Pseudostygarctus McKirdy, Schmidt, & McGinty-Bayly, 1976
      - Megastygarctus McKirdy, Schmidt, & McGinty-Bayly, 1976
      - Mesostygarctus Renaud-Mornant, 1979
    - Subfamily Neoarctinae Grimaldi de Zio et al., 1992
      - Neoarctus Grimaldi de Zio, D'Addabbo Gallo, & Morone De Lucia, 1992
  - Family Neostygarctidae Grimaldi de Zio et al., 1987
    - Neostygarctus Grimaldi de Zio, D'Addabbo Gallo, & Morone De Lucia, 1982
  - Family Coronarctidac Renaud-Mornant, 1974
    - Coronarctus Renaud-Mornant, 1974
    - Trogloarctus Villora-Moreno, 1996
  - Family Renaudarctidae Kristensen & Higgins, 1984
    - Renaudarctus Kristensen & Higgins, 1984
  - Family Batillipedidae Ramazzotti, 1963
    - Batillipes Richters, 1909
- Order / Ordnung Echiniscoidea Marcus, 1927
  typical "terrestrial", ergo freshwater tardigrades, mostly in dry environmets (except the marine Echiniscoididae)
  - Family Echiniscoididae Kristensen & Hallas, 1980
    - Echiniscoides Plate, 1889
    - Anisonyches Pollock, 1975
  - Family Carphanidae Binda & Kristensen, 1986
    - Carphania Binda, 1978
  - Family Oreellidae Ramazzotti, 1963
    - Oreella Murray, 1910
  - Family Echiniscidae Thulin, 1928
    - Echiniscus C.A.S. Schultze, 1840
    - Parechiniscus Cuénot, 1926
    - Bryodelphax Thulin, 1928
    - Hypechiniscus Thulin, 1928
    - Pseudechiniscus Thulin, 1928
    - Bryochoerus Marcus, 1936
    - Mopsechiniscus du Bois-Reymond Marcus, 1944
    - Cornechiniscus Maucci & Ramazzotti, 1981
    - Antechiniscus Kristensen, 1987
    - Novechiniscus Kristensen, 1987
    - Proechiniscus Kristensen, 1987
    - Testechiniscus Kristensen, 1987
(Class Mesotardigrada Rahn 1937)
- only one species Thermozodium esakii Rahn 1937. Since the type material is lost and the locus typicus was destroyed by earthquake, the species is dubious (nomen dubium). There are considerations to put the Order Apochaela with the genera Milnesium and Limmennius under the class Mesotardigrada instead of Eutardigrada.
Class Eutardigrada
typical freshwater tardigrades (some secundary in marine environments)
- Order / Ordnung Apochaela Schuster et al., 1980
  - Family Milnesiidae Ramazzotti, 1962
    - Milnesium Doyère, 1840
    - Limmenius Horning et al., 1978
- Order / Ordnung Parachaela
  - Family Calohypsibiidae Pilato, 1969
    - Calohypsibius Thulin, 1928
    - Haplomacrobiotus May, 1948
    - Hexapodibius Pilato, 1969
    - Parhexapodibius Pilato, 1969
    - Haplohexapodibius Pilato & Beasley, 1987
  - Family Microhypsibiidae Pilato, 1998
    - Microhypsibius Thulin, 1928
    - Fractonotus Pilato, 1998
  - Family Eohypsibiidae Bertolani & Kristensen, 1987
    - Amphibolus Bertolani, 1981 (unavailable name without type species)
    - Eohypsibius Kristensen, 1982
  - Family Hypsibiidae Pilato, 1969
    - Subfamily Diphasconinae Dastych, 1992
      - Diphascon Plate, 1889
      - Hebesuncus Pilato, 1987
      - Fujiscon Ito, 1991
      - Parasdiphascon Dastych, 1992
    - Subfamily Hypsibiinae Pilato, 1969
      - Hypsibius Ehrenberg, 1848
      - Isohypsibius Thulin, 1928
      - Echinursellus Iharos, 1968 (nomcn dubium, ev. = Pseudobiotus)
      - Doryphoribius Pilato, 1969
      - Pseudobiotus Nelson in Schuster et al., 1980
      - Thulinia Bertolani, 1981
      - Halobiotus Kristensen, 1982
      - Ramajendas Pilato & Binda, 1986
      - Ramazzottius Binda & Pilato, 1986
      - Eremobiotus Biserov, 1992
      - Mixibius Pilato, 1992
      - Acutuncus Pilato & Binda, 1997
    - Subfamily Itaquasconinae Pilato, 1969
      - Itaquascon de Barros, 1939
      - Mesocrista Pilato, 1987
      - Parascon Pilato & Binda, 1987
      - Platycrista Pilato, 1987
      - Astatumen Pilato, 1997
  - Family Macrobiotidae Thulin, 1928
    - Macrobiotus C.A.S. Schultze, 1834
    - Pseudodiphascon Ramazzotti, 1964
    - Dactylobiotus Schuster in Schuster et al., 1980
    - Minibiotus Schuster in Schuster etal., 1980
    - Adorybiotus Maucci & Rarnazzotti, 1981
    - Richtersius Pilato & Binda, 1987
    - Macroversum Pilato & Catanzaro, 1988
    - Murrayon Bertolani & Pilato, 1988
    - Calcarobiotus Dastych, 1993
    - Pseudohexapodibius Bertolani & Biserov, 1996
    - Xerobiotus Bertolani & Biserov, 1996
  - Family Necopinatidae Ramazzotti & Maucci, 1983
    - Necopinatum Pilato, 1971
  - (incertae sedis)
    - Apodibius Dastych, 1983
    - Beorn Cooper, 1964 (fossil, Hypsibiidae?)

Links:

Gaugler, Michael S., Marine Interstitial Tardigrades and Other Meiofauna of Huntington Beach, South Carolina, PhD Thesis 2002:http://etd-submit.etsu.edu/etd/theses/available/etd-1216101-222846/unrestricted/gauglerms030402a.pdf